文档搜索 > Volume 3 Number 2, December 2012 ?????????????????????????
Volume 3 Number 2, December 2012 ?????????????????????????
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ISSN: 1949-260X
http://www.tclt.us/journal
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Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching
A peer-reviewed online publication with in-print supplement ISSN: 1949-260X http://www.tclt.us/journal
??????????????????????? Volume 3 Number 2, December 2012
Articles
?????????????????????????????, (The current situation and developmental needs of network-based Chinese language teaching in the digital age) ...................................................................................1 ????? (Lu, Jianming) ????????? (Peking University) ???????????????????е???ó?? (The application of treebank to assist Chinese grammar instruction: A preliminary investigation)......................................................................................................................16 ????? (Zhan, Weidong) ????????? (Peking University) ?? Moodle ?????????????????????????? (Instructional design of a short-term CFL situational conversation course based on Moodle) ..............................................................................................................................30 ?????? (Tsai, Ya-Wen) ?????????δ?? (National Chengchi University)
Columns
運?? iPad 進???????與學 (Teaching and learning Chinese with an iPad) ..................................................................47 ???錫 (Lin, Chin-Hsi)???????學爾灣??У (University of California, Irvine) 連???? (Lien, Yujen)??國???灣師範??學 (National Taiwan Normal University)
Reviews
Review of Encounters: Chinese Language and Culture (??Encounters: ??????й??????????) .........................................................................64 ???? (Shen, Ting)????????????? (University of Mount Union)
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Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching
A peer-reviewed online publication with in-print supplement ISSN: 1949-260X http://www.tclt.us/journal
Sponsors
Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, Hamilton College Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Middle Tennessee State University China Social Sciences Press (?й????????????)
Editorial board
Jianhua Bai, Kenyon College Chin-chuan Cheng, National Taiwan Normal University, Academia Sinica Jun Da, Middle Tennessee State University Hongchu Fu, Washington and Lee University Scott Grant, Monash University, Australia Shin-Chang Hsin, National Taiwan Normal University Hong Gang Jin, Hamilton College Song Jiang, University of Hawaii at Manoa Sunaoka Kazuko, Waseda University, Japan Siu Lun Lee, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shijuan Liu, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Scott McGinnis, Defense Language Institute - Washington Office Ling Mu, Yale University Claudia Ross, College of the Holy Cross Tianwei Xie, California State University, Long Beach De Bao Xu, Hamilton College John Jing-hua Yin, University of Vermont Li Wei, Rollins College Weidong Zhan, Peking University Phyllis Zhang, George Washington University Zhengsheng Zhang, San Diego State University
Editorial staff
Editor-in-chief: De Bao Xu, Hamilton College Associate editor: Jun Da, Middle Tennessee State University Technology and pedagogy editor: Phyllis Zhang, George Washington University New technologies editor: Shijuan Liu, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Book and software review editor: Song Jiang, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Contacts
URL: http://www.tclt.us/journal Email: editor@tclt.us
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1
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(The current situation and developmental needs of network-based Chinese language teaching in the digital age)
????? (Lu, Jianming) ??????? (Peking University) lu_ma2008@pku.edu.cn ???: ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????Σ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????о????????????????? ???????????????????????????????о??????????????????? ?????????????о?????к???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????С??????? ????÷??о????????????????????????????о???????????? ?????????·??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? Abstract: In the current digital age, network-based Chinese language teaching has gone through the stages of 'if' and 'how' and is now ready for a new paradigm shift. This paper proposes three possible approaches to facilitate such a change: 1) There should be a focus of research on the theoretical foundations of Chinese language teaching methodologies that are fundamental to network-based language teaching; 2) More attention should be devoted to the theoretical investigation of network-based Chinese language teaching practices, especially in the areas of Chinese grammar and morphology, sequencing in the instructions of different components of the Chinese language, and the traditional grammatical analysis and innovation of teaching approaches; and 3) There is a need for more resources development for network-based Chinese teaching. Possible approaches to resources development are discussed. ?????:?????????????????????????????????о?????????? Keywords: Network-based Chinese language teaching, digitalization, theoretical study of the network-based Chinese language instruction,
* ??????????????????????????????2012 ?? 5 ?? 25-27 ??????????????????????д?????У???
??????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????л??
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2 teaching resources development 1. ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????绯???????????????? 90 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???й???????????????????????? 20 ??????б???? 76%????????? 61%??? ??? 53%??????? 32%???ж?? 29%??????? 22%??????? 9%???й???????? ?? 4.5 ???????????????? 2.88 ????????????????????????????? 85.7%?? ????????????? 78.7%???????????2011??????????????????????????21 ?????????????????????????绯?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????棬?????????γ?? ??????λ???漰?????????????????????????????????Щ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????顣??Щ???棬?纺?? ??????棬?????????á???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????Ρ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????磬???????????????????й?????????????? ???????????????????????????????й????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????ú???????? ????????????????????????й????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????ú???????????????????????? ????????ζ???????????????????????????????????ζ??????????? ?У?????????????г???????????ζ????????й??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? 2%??????????????? ?????????????????????Ч???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????ú??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????Σ????仰??????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????и??????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????壨?? ?????????????????????????Ρ???????Flash ??????????????????
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3 ?????????????????????????????????????????????е??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????绯?????巢???????????Ч???????????2001??????????????? ??????????????硱???????????????????????????????????????? ??????á???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????á?????????????????????????????????????Ч???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????й???????? ??????????????????????????????γ?????????????????????? ????á???Ч????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????Ρ? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????Ч?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????漰???????? ???о???????????о???????????е?????о??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????Щ???????????????????? 2. ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????Щ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??/???????????????????????????????????????????ú?????????? ?????????ú???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????ú??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????С? ????????ú??????????????????????????????????α????????? ?Щ????????????????????????????????Ч?????????????????? ???????????????????????顢?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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4 ????????????? ???????????????????????????о?????????????????о????????????????? ???????????о?????????о????????????????????????????????????? ?????о?????о???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????о????????? ????????о??????????о????????????????????????????????2007???????? ????????????????????????????????????????о???????????????? ??????о????????о???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3. ???????????????????????? ???????????????????????о????????????????纺????????? ???μ???????????裬2004??????????????????????????????о???????? ?????????????У???????硢????????????????????????????????????? ?Щ???????????????????????????????????????????????ú? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ ???????????????????????????????????????????????档??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????á????? ???????????????涼????????????????????磺???????????滮???????? ???????λ??????????????????????????????裬???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????棬 ?????????????壩??и????????????????????Ч??????з???????????? ?????????????????????????????2001??Kuo & Hooper??2004????????2005?? л??ε??2007, 2008?????????2007??Allen??2008????????2008???????????? 2008????????2009?????????????Ρ??????飬2009??????2010???????2010b?? ?ο???2011???????2011?????м?????????????????????????С???????? 2010 ????????????????????????????????????,????????????????? ?????????????????????С????2010????????人????????????????????? ??????й???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????е?????? ????????????????????????????????????γ??????????????????? ???????о????????????????????й??????????????????о????????? ?о?????????????е?????о?????????????????á???Ч??????????????
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5 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????Σ?2010????????????????????????????????γ???衰?л??? ???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????2000??????2004?????????2007?????????2008????????????2008?? ??????????2008????????2009?????????????Ρ??????飬2009?????2010?? ????2010???????????????2011???????2011???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????γ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????淶???????????? ??????????彨?????????????????????????????滮?????????? ??????????????Э?????????????????????? ????ù?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?о?????????????????γ????????????γ??????????γ????????? ???????????????????????????μ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????壻 ???????????????????????????????????????????????棬??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????桢???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????Ч???????? ???????????????????????е??Ч??????????????????? ????????????????????????????2011???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????и???????? ?????Э?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????Э??????????????????????????Ρ?????????? ??????????????????????迪????????????????????? ????????????????????????ü????????о????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????书???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????Σ?2011???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????й淶????????????????????????Ρ????
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6 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4. ????????????????????????о? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????γ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????о?????????????????о????? ????????????С???????????????????о???????????????????????????о????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????о???????? ?????????????????????????????????????о?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????д???????????????漼??????????о??????? ?о?????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????о??????????????о?????? ????????棬????????????????????????о???????????????? ???????????о????????????????1999????????????????????????? ?о????????д?????????????????о?????????????????и????? ??????и????????????????????????????涨???????????????? ????????????????????????Щ??????????????????????????Щ?? ?????????????????????????Щ?????????????????о?????????? ?????????г??????????????????????????????г????????????????????? ??????????г???????????????????????????ν????????????????????? ??????磬???????????????????????С???????????????????????? ??????????÷??????????ν?? ????????棬????????о??У?????????????????????ü????? ????÷?????????????????????д??????????磬??????????????????????? ??????????÷????????????棨?????棬1980???? 1. ??????á??磺??????? | ???·?????????? 2. ?????????磺?????????? | ??Ь????????? 3. ??????????????Χ???磺??????????????? | ??????????????? ?顣 4. ?????????????????顣?磺?????????????? | ?????????????
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7 ????? 5. ??????á???????????磺?????????????????????а??? ??????????????????????????????????ж????????ж????÷??? ?????????????÷????????????????????????????磬????????????????? ??????÷???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????2003?????????????????????о??? ?????????????????о?????????????????????????????????/ ???????У???????????Ρ????ε???????????????????????????ν? ????????????????2002????С????2002?????????1998??2009?????????2008???? ?????????????????о????????????????1998??2002?????????????ò? ??????????????????????δ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????ж?????????????δ???濼?????????????? δ??????????????Ρ??????????????????珣??1986,2002????????? ???????????????á??????????????????????????? 1986 ?????? ????????????????? 46 ?Ρ?47 ?β?????????????????????+ NP + V ??/??/ ????????????????+ ?????? + ????+??/??/?????????????鵽?? 47 ????????????? ???????????????????? 46 ?Ρ???????????? 2002 ?????????????????? ???????????????????????????δ?????????????? 16??18 ?κ???? ??? 27 ?????????????????????????????????????? 16 ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????÷?????????????????????????? ??????????°??????????????????????????????·????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????÷????????????С?? 1. ??????á??磺???·?????????? | ??????????? | ??????????У?? | ?????????????? 2. ?????????磺?????·?????????????? | ????????? | ????????????? 3. ????????磺??????????? | ??С????·???????? ???????÷?????????????????????????????????2005??????????? ?????????????????????????7010??????????????????????801?????? ?????700????????????7710??????????????????? ?????塰???????93.44 %?? ????塰???????2.37 %??
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8 ?????塰???????1.09 %?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????塰?????????仰???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????е???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????Щ?????Щ?????Щ???????????????????÷??? ????о?????????????????????ú????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????÷? ???????о????????о?????????????÷??????????????У?????? ????????????????????????????????÷???????????????????? ???÷??????????е?ο???????????к???????????????????????? ?????????÷????о???????????????????????屳?????о????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????д???? ??????????????????ò????????????????????????ò?????????? ???顣??????????????????????????? 1983??2001??2004,??2006??2008 ???????? 1. *??????????????????????????顣 2. *???????????????????????????????????????????????б??? ???? 3. *?????????? 4. ??????????????? ??*?????????????????? 5. *?????????????????????? 6. *???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????Щ?????????? ?壬??????????Щ??????÷??????????????Щ???????????屳???????棬 2008????????????????????????????/??????????????????????????? ????????????????壬????н?????????????屳???????Щ???д????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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9 ???????? a. ?????????????????????????????????????á??????? ???????????? b. ?????????????????????????顣??????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????á???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ?????? a. ???????????????? b. ?????????????????????ú??????? ?????? ???á????????????С????? ??????????????Щ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????С??ú?????????з?????С????? ????????????????????????????????á?????Щ?????????????????? ????????????????????????Щ??????屳???????????о??????????? ???????о??У????????????????о???????????????塢?????塢?????壬 ???????????????????????????÷????????о????????????屳???? ????????????????????????????????????????о?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????д?? ???????????????????塢??????????????????÷????о?????????????? ??????????????屳?????о????????????????????????д???????? ????????塢????????????????????????к??????У????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????壬????? ????????÷?????????????????????????????????????????????Щ?? ?????????????á????á???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????/???????У???????????????????????????????????С? ???????????????????????????????????????????л??????????? ?????????????????????о??????????????÷?????????????????????????? ????????ù???——?????±????á?????????????????????????? ???á?????????????????????????????? ????????????о?????д??????????????????????壬????о????? д????????????????????÷???????????????????????屳?????? ???????????/????????????????Ч???? ???????????????????·????????? ???????????????·??????????—ν—??????????????—??—??????? ?磺
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10 ???? ?? ????? ???? ν?? ???? ????????????????????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ν ????????????????η??? ?? ?? . ????????????????????????????????IC ??????????????????η??????? ????????????????????ι???????????????·??и?? ????????????·?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????·?????????????????????????ж?? ????????????????Ч??????????????????????е??????????????? ????????????·??????????????????????????о??????????????? A. ????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???? B. ??????????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? ????????????????о???????ú?????????????????? ??????? + ???? + ?? + ?????? ????????? NPL + V +??+ NP ?????????????????????????? ????—ν??—???? ??????? ???—ν??—???? ?????????????????? A ?飺????—????—??? B ?飺????—????—????
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11 ???????????????????????????????飨???????1996????????? 2001???????壬2001??????????2005???????2006????????2006????????????? ???????????????????????????????????Щ??????????????????????? ?????塣???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ??????b ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????廹???????????? A ?黹?? B ??????? ??????????????????????? ???????????е???????????????????????????????????????? ????????-ν-???????-??-??????????Χ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????1999??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? A ?飺????—????—??? B ?飺????—????—???? ??????????? A ?黹?? B ????????????????????? ??????? — ?????? — ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????·????? ·???????-???????·?????????2009??????-??????·???????2009???? ????-????????????????????????????·????? 1. ???????????????? 2. ????????????????????????? 3. ????????????????????—??????—???????? 4. ?ù??????????鹹?????????????????????????????—????????— ?????????,?????????????????????—??????—???????? 5. ?ù?????????????????????????????????λ??????????????? ????????????????+??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????±??
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12 ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? —?????? — ?????? ??????????????????????? ???????? —??????? —(????)????顭??????????????????? NPL V+?? NP????????????????????? ?δ? ??????????? ???? [ ???????????? ] ??????????? ???????????????·????????????????-??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????·????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????е????????????????????????????ü???????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????е?????????????????????-???????·?????-???? ??·??????????????Ч???????2010a??2011??2012???? ??????????????????????????????Щ?о??????????????????? ???????????ó?????????????????????????????????????Ρ??????? ?????????????????????Σ??????????浽?????????????????????????? ?????????????Ч???? 5. ?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????о??? ?????????????к???????????????????裬????????????????????? ???裬??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? 2001??????????????? ?????????????????????????????ɡ??????????????????????????ɡ?????? 2010?????У?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????κ???????????????????????????????? ???????? ?ο????? ???????2005????????????????????????????????????о?????????? ???????2007???????????????????????о???????????????????????? 2 ??? 146-151?? ?????????????2011???????????????????跽????????????????á??? 2 ??? ?ο???2011???????????????????????????????????????????????????
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13 ??????????????Journal of Technology and Chinese Language Teaching, 2(1), 23-35. ???????1998???????????????????????????绪????????????????•??? ????顷????塣 ???????2009??????????????????????壺?????????????? ??????2009),?????縨??????????????о?????????????????? ?????壨2001????????ú???????????????????????????硣 ?????2011????????????????????????裬??????????6 ????????? ??????????2008???????绷??????????????о???????????????????? 1 ??? ???????????Ρ??????飨2009??????????????????????????????????????? ????,?? 4 ??? ??????????2008???????????????????????????????????????绯??? ??????????????? ???? ????????2008 ?? 8 ?? 25 ???27 ????????档 ??????2005??, ????庺??????????????о??????????????????????????? ???????о?????á????????????????????й????????????:163?? ????2010????????????????????????????????????????????? 4 ??? ??珣????1986, 2002????????ú???α?????1986 ?棩???????????????????????磻 ??????ú???α?????2002 ?棩???????????????????????????硣 ????????2001????????????????????????????????????? ??????2008????????????????廯???????????——?????????γ??г?? ?????????????????, ????????????о????? 3 ??? ???????1996????????????????????????????????????????????硣 ???????1999???????????????????????о???????????????????á??? 4 ??? ???????2003?????????????????е???????????????????о????? 3 ??? ???????2007??????????????????????????о?????????о????????纺??? ???2007 ??? 3 ??? ???????2008????????????????????????????輰?????о????????????? ?о????? 5 ??? ???????2009????????????飬?????????????????????о????????? ??2009.5.17. ????????????ó??????????????????? ?????2006????????????????????????????????????????硣 ???????2002????????????????????????????????????纺???????? 4 ??? ??????????1980???????????????????????????? ???棨1983??????????????????й???????? 3 ??? ???棨2001?????????????????????????????????????纺???????? 3 ??? ???棨2004???????????????о????????????????? ???棨2006??????????????????? 5 ??????????????????????á??? 1 ??? ???棨2008????????????????????????????屳??????????????л?????? ?? ????????????196-208 ????????????????硣 ?????1998???????????? 22 ????????????????????о????????纺??????
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14 ?? 4 ??? ?????2002???????????????????????????о????????纺???????? 4 ??? ?μ????????????,(2004)????????????μ????????????????????????? ????(???????)?? ?? 2 ??? ?????1999???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????е???????????????????????????о???????????2009.5.17. ????????????ó?????????????? ?????2010a?????????????-??顱 ?????——??????????????????????? ????? 2 ??? ?????2010b????????????????????????????????绯??????????????????? ???????廪????????硣 ?????2011???????????????????——?????????????????????????? ???о????? 2 ??? ?????2012????????????????——????????·????????????о????? 2 ??? ??????1999??????????????????????????????о??????????????о????? 2 ??? л??ε??2007???????????е???????????????????, ??????????????? ?????????????????????.???????????硣 л??ε??2008?????????????????????·?????????????????????????? ???????????????, ????: ?廪?????????:30?? ????????2001????????????????д?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????:413-418?? ???????2008????????????????????????????????й?????????????? 24 ??? ???2010?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 2 ??? ????2004?????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ??? ???Σ?2010????????????????????????γ???????о???????????????????? ?????????????о??棩?? 2 ??? ?????2008?????????????????跴????????????(????????)???? 7 ??? ??????2006?????????????ο?????????????????????????硣 ???????2011???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??2011.8.16-18. ???? ?????????????????????? ?????????Σ?2011????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? 3 ??? ??????1999??????????????????????о????????????????????硣 ??????2000????????????????????????????????????????????????á? ?? 3 ??? ??????2001??????????????????????????——??????????????????????? ???????????纺???????? 4 ??. ??С????2002????????????????????????????????????????????棩?? 6 ???
| Page 19 |
15 ??С????2010???????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ??? ????????2005?????????????????????????????????廪????????? Allen, J. R. (2008). Why learning to write Chinese is a waste of time: A modest proposal. Foreign Language Annals, 41(2), 237-251. Kuo, M-L. A., & Hooper, S. (2004). The effects of visual and verbal coding mnemonics on learning Chinese characters in computer-based instruction. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52(3), 23-34.
| Page 20 |
16
???????????????????е???ó??* (The application of treebank to assist Chinese grammar instruction: A preliminary investigation)
????? (Zhan, Weidong) ??????? (Peking University) zwd1972@gmail.com ??????????????????????????????????????Treebank????? ??????о????й?????????????????????????1??????????????? ???????????????????2??????????????????????? Web ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????Ч???????? ???????? Abstract??This article discusses the usage of a large-scale Chinese treebank for Chinese language teaching and learning developed by Peking University. It shows that by specifying the features of a tree, for instance, a structure??s immediate constitutes, contexts, tree width and tree depth, one can easily extract the needed language structure from the treebank. It also shows that with the tree structure extracted and the web system developed, one can do structure exercises on the web and the result can be automatically assessed by the treebank. ??????????????????????????????????????????? Keywords??Chinese sentence structure, Chinese treebank, grammar extraction, intelligent computer-assisted instruction 1. ??????????????? ????????????? 1990 ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????о?????Marcus, 1993; Abeill??,2003; Xue Nianwen ???2000???? ???2004; Huang Chu-Ren ???2000????????????????????????????????????? ???????о?????????????ο?????????????????????????????????
* ??????о??????????????????????????????????????????????????е???á?????????
111098??????????????????????????????????????о???????????12BYY061????????????????? ????????о?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????л???????д????????????????
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17 ????????к??????Beatty, 2003; Schmitt, 2007??????????????????????????? ?о??????????????????????????????????????????о?С???????????? ???Щ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????ж????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????TreeEditor???????н???????飬?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 1 ??????????????λ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???!?????÷?????????????? Head???? ?? 1?? ( zj ( !dj ( np ( np ( np ( !n ( ??? ) ) !np ( np ( !n ( ???? ) ) !np ( !n ( ??λ ) ) ) ) ude1 ( ?? ) !vp ( !v ( ??? ) ) ) wco ( ?? ) !vp ( !vp ( !v ( ?? ) ) np ( vp ( !vp ( !v ( ??? ) ) dj ( np ( !n ( ??? ) ) !ap ( !a ( ??? ) ) ) ) !np ( ap ( dp ( !d ( ?? ) ) !ap ( !a ( ??? ) ) ) ude1 ( ?? ) !np ( !n ( ???? ) ) ) ) ) ) wfs ( ?? ) ) ) ??????????????????????????????????????????????д洢 ????? 1 ???????????????????? TreeEditor ?????????????
? 1???????????????? ????????????й??????????·1994·???й?????????????
????????????????????????????? 55,742 ??1,309,719 ???????????? ??????α???56.85%????????????13.29%?????????????13.00%????????????9.43%???? ????????飨7.43%???????????????????????????????????????????
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18 ???????????????????е??????????????ü??????????????????? ?α?????????С??????У?????????????????ɡ???и?????????? ???????????????????????? 4 ????????????籾????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?е??????? ???????????????????????????????????NLP?????档???????????? ????????????????????????????·???????棬??????????????????? ?ε??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????棬???????????????????? ??δ??????????????н????????????????????????????ο?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 2. ?????????????????????? ???????п?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????Щ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????ɡ?????????????????????????????? ?????л?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??λ????????????????? np ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????Υ???????? ??????????????????μ?????? 2007,2009????
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19 2.1 ?????????np????????????λ???????? np ??????????λ??????????????????? 6 ???????np ??????λ?????? ν???? 4 ???vp??ap??np??dj????????? dj??np !vp??dj??np !ap??dj??np !np??dj??np !dj???? np ?????λ????? 2 ???????????????????? vp??!vp np??????????????? pp??!p np??????????????λ????????????? TreeEditor ???????????λ????? np ?????
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??????????? 3 ?????????????????????????????? dj????????? ? vp???????? dj ?? np !vp ?????????????? np ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? np ?????????λ????????λ??????????????????????????????np ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? 1 ?????????????λ??????? np ??????????????????????????? ?? np ??????? 2 ????????? 3 ???????? np???? np ???? 3??????????λ???? ?????????????????
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20
?? 1??????????λ????? np ?????????????? ??????? ????λ?? ???λ?? ???????λ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? np -> !rn 1 2390 6 35.01 % 2 2436 15.98% 5 4788 7.28% np -> !n 2 1556 1 22.79 % 1 4218 27.66% 1 18852 28.67% np -> np !np 3 7638 11.19 % 3 2227 14.61% 3 7188 10.93% np -> np ude1 !np 4 3449 5.05% 4 1180 7.7% 4 5313 8.08% np -> qp !np 5 2630 3.85% 5 775 5.08% 2 8313 12.64% ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? type ????172 token ????68279 type ????128 token ????15247 type ????224 token ????65751 ?? 2?????? 3 ?? np ??????????λ????????????????????? ??????? ????λ?? ???λ?? ???????λ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? np -> m q n 3 760 10.05% 4 180 8.26% 1 2771 23.83% np -> rn ude1 n 1 1091 14.43% 1 260 11.93% 2 1169 10.05% np -> n ude1 n 4 730 9.66% 3 217 9.96% 3 853 7.33% np -> rb q n 2 977 12.92% 2 221 10.14% 4 689 5.92% np -> a ude1 n 7 161 2.13% 5 117 5.37% 5 666 5.73%
????????????????????λ??? np ?????λ??? np ???????????ν???? ??????λ????? np ????????????? 1 ?С?np??!rn????????????????? ?? np?????? np ?????????λ??????????????????????λ???????????? ?? 5 λ????????np ?? qp !np????????????????е????????+??+???????????? np ?????????λ??????????????? 5 λ?????????????λ?????? 2 λ?? ?? 2 ?н?????np ?? m q n??????? + ?? + ??????????np ?? rb q n????????? + ?? + ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??λ???????????? np ?????????? np??????????????λ?ú???λ?????? ????????????????λ??????? np ?????????????????????λ??????????? ??????????????????????????????? np ?????????????1985??κ?????? ?飬2007????????????????? np???????????????????????????壬?硰? ??????????????????????????????е?????????????????? np???????? ??λ???????????????????????????????????????????????л????? ????????????????????о?????????????????????о?????????????λ ???????λ?? np ????λ?? np ????ν???????????????????????λ?? ??LaPolla??1995???? 2.2 ??????????? vp ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????λ????? np ????????????????????е????????????? ????????磬???????????????+xp+vp???е? vp ???????Щ????????????? ? 4 ???????????????????????????? vp ???????????????????????? 3
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21 ?????? 4 ??????????????????????????vp ?? pp !vp?????????????????? ???б????? vp?????????? vp??????????????? pp ???????????????? pba?? ????????????????
? 4???? TreeEditor ???????+xp+vp?????? vp ????? ?? 3??????+xp+vp?????? vp ???????????????vp ?????????????μ?????? 2000?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? vp 999 (39.74%) vp ?? !vp np vp ?? !vp sp vp ?? !vp qp vp ?? !vp mp ???? (?? x) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???λ ??? ??? ?? ????? vp 907 (36.08%) vp ?? !v v vp ?? !v a vp ?? !v ude3 ap ??. (?? x) ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? vp 354 (14.08%) vp ?? dp !vp vp ?? pp !vp vp ?? ap !vp ?? (?? x) ? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? vp 187 (7.44%) vp ?? !vp ule vp ?? !v uzhe ?? (?? x) ??? ?? ??? ?? ??ν? vp 58 (2.31%) vp ?? !vp vp vp ?? !vp wco vp ?? (?? x) ????? ??? ??????????????? ?? ???? 9 (0.36%) vp ?? !v vp ?? c !vp ?? (?? x) ??????? ? ?? ?? ??? 2514 (100%) 48 ??
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22 ?? 3 ?????????????????????????????? vp ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? vp ???? ????????? vp ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 3 ???????????????????????????? vp ????????? ??θ??????? ???????л?????????????????????????????????????????? TreeEditor ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? 5 ????? TreeEditor ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? vp?????????????????????????ɡ?pp+vp??????? vp???????????? vp????????????????????????????????а???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????Σ??????????? 4 ???????????????? ????????????? vp????????????????????????
? 5?????????+xp+vp????????????????ε????? ?? 4??????+xp+vp??????????????????????????????????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? Vp dp vp vp wco - ?? - - - vp ?? 1504 (59.86%) ??? ????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????С???????? ????? ?????? ?? Dj np np wco ?? - - ?? 676 (26.89%) ?? ???????? ????????????й??????????????? ?? Fj dj wco ?? - ?? 237 (9.43%) ??????????????????????????е????? ?? Zj - ?? wfs ?? 36 (1.43%) ???????????? ?? ?? np - ?? ude1 ?? 29 (1.15%) ??????? ?? ?? # - - 20 (0.80%) ???????ó?? Tp - ?? f ?? 7 (0.28%) ????????????? ?? ?? Pp p ?? - ?? 4 (0.16%) ?? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? 82 ?? 2514 (100%)
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23 ?? 4 ???????????С?????????????÷??У??????ν??????????λ??? ??????λ???????????????????????????? vp??????? 60%???????????? ????е?????????????????????????????ν????????????????????? ????????????? 2.3 ?????в????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????ν????????????????????????? HE ????????????????У???? ??????????????幦??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? NHE ?????????????????????г???? HE ????? NHE ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 97.20%???? ????????????? NHE ????? 2.80%???? ????????HE ???????????????????????????????????NHE ??Υ ???????????????????????????????и??п????????????????е??? Щ NHE ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????з??? NHE ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? NHE ????????????? ???????ж??????????????????????? NHE ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????硰np ?? np ?? !vp???? NHE ???????????? np ???????? vp ????????????dj ?? np !vp???? HE ???????????? dj ?????? ?? vp ????ν?????????????????????? 6 ?????Щ???? NHE ????? ????????д??????????????????????
?? 5???????? HE ?????? NHE ??????μ???? ??????? ??????????type?? ??????????token?? ????? ??? ??????? 1930 1,318,488 dj ?? np !ap ?? ?? HE ???? 1672(86.63%) 1,048,669 (97.20%) ap ?? dp !ap ?? ?? NHE ???? 258(13.37%) 30,252 (2.80%) np ?? sp !vp ???? ???
?????? NHE ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1??2 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? 3??4??5??6 ????????????????г?????????? ap??dj?????? ????????? qp??????????????????? np??sp????
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24
?? 6?????????г???? NHE ????????? ??? ???????/?????? NHE ???? ??? ??????????? NHE np ?? np ?? !vp np ?? pp ?? !vp np ?? sp ?? !qp Ψ? ?? ??? ??????????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????????????? ???? NHE ap ?? !np ??? ap ?? !dj ??? dp ?? !qp ?? dp ?? !vp ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ap ???? np np ?? qp !ap np ?? vp !ap ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ap ???? sp sp ?? vp !ap ???? ??? ???????????? dj ???? np np ?? qp !dj ???? ?????????????? qp ???? np np ?? np !qp ?? ????
3. ???? Web ?????????????????????? ????? 2 ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???й?????????????????????????????????????????????ο??? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????1?У??????????????????????????? ?????????н????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????Ч????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? 6 ????? ???????? TreeEditor ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????о?С?????????????????????????? ??????????????У?????????????????????????????????и?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????飺????? ????????????????????????????????б???????б???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????о??????????????? ???????????????????з????????????????????????????????Ч???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????侲?? ????????????????????????????????????????????ν?????????? ???? || ??????? + ????
1 ?????http://ccl.pku.edu.cn:8080/WebTreebank ?????????д?????????????????????????
???? 2006 ?????о????????????????????????????λ?????
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25 ?????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????з????????????????????? ?????????????????????????к??????????????????????????? ?书????????????????????????????????????????????У???????? ????????????????????????????м???????????д?????????? ??????????????????????????????????棬?????????????????? ?????????????????????
? 7-1 ?????????????????????
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????
? 6?????? Web ????????????????
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26
? 7-2 ?????е??????????з???????????? ? 7-3 ???????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????ɡ??????????У????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 7-3 ??? 7-4 ?? ???????????????????????С?????????r???????????????????С??? ??????rn??????????????????????????????????е??r???????????????? ????????????У?????????????undo??????????????????????????????ok?? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????д????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????Ч????Ρ??????????????? ??????桢???????????????????????? 4. ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? 7-4 ?????е????????????
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27 ???????????????????????????????????????????TreeEditor ??????? ?? WebTreebank ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????С? ?????????????????????????????л???????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????о???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????Ч?????д?????????????????????????????????? ?????????п????飬????????? ?ο????? Abeill??, A. (Ed.). (2003). Treebanks: Building and using parsed corpora (Text, Speech and Language Technology Volume 20). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Beatty, K. (2003). Teaching and researching computer-assisted language learning. Essex,
England: Pearson Education.
LaPolla, R., J. (1995). Pragmatic relations and word order in Chinese. In P. Downing & M. Noonam (Eds.), Word Order in Discourse. Amsterdam, Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Schmitt, N. (Ed.). (2007). An Introduction to Applied Linguistics. London: Edward Arnold Publishers. Xue, N., Xia, F., Chiou, F. D., & Palmer, M. (2005). The Penn Chinese treebank: Phrase structure annotation of a large corpus. Natural Language Engineering, 11(2), 207-238. ???????????????о?С?? (1989)??????????????????????纺??????, 1989 ??? 1-4 ??? ?????? (1985)????? NP ????????й??????1985 ??? 5 ??? ????? (2006)???????????????????????????????????2006 ??? 4 ???289-310 ??? ????? (2007)???????????????????????????????2007 ??? 1 ???27-47 ??? ????? (2009)??????????????????——?????????????????????????? ????? 40 ???? 3-22 ? κ???????? (2007)?????ж??????????????? NP ??????????纺??????2007 ??? 3 ??? 38-51 ??? ????? (2000)????????????????????????????????????о??????廪??????? ?硣 ????? (2011), ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????2011 ?? 8 ?? 12-14 ??????????й????? ???????о?????
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28 ??? ??????????17 ????
???﹦?????? ????? ??? zj ???? ??? ????????弯?? ???????? ????? ????????? yj ???? ??? ??????????????????????С?????????? ypc ???????? ?? ??? ?????????????в?? 86 ????? 1990 ?????? 27 ??? yph ???????? ?? ??? ι??ι????????? fj ???? ??? ???????????????? ????????????? dj ???? ??ν ??? ???????????????????????磻????????弯????? ??????????????????????????????? np ????????? npr????? np?? npz?????? np?? ???н? ???????? ???н? ?λ?? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????λ?? ????????????????????????????????????? vp ????????? ?????? ?????? ??ν?? ????? ???н? ??н? ?????????????????ж????????????????? ??????о???????????????????????????? ?棻????????????????????????? ap ?????????? ??н? ???н? ???????? ?????? ??????????÷??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????ò?????????? ???????С???? dp ????????? ???н? ???????? ??????????????????????? pp ???????? ???н? ????? ???????????????????????????????棻?????? ?????????????????? sp ???????? ???н? ???н? ??????????棻??????? tp ?????? ???н? ???н? ?????????糿????????????????? qp ???????? ???н? ???н? ??????????????????????? mp ??????? ???н? ???н? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????
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29 ?????????λ??? 26 ??????λ??? 69 ??????? 95 ????
?????? ???? ??λ???? ?????? ???? ??λ???? a ????? ad ??????? an ???????? N ???? nr ???? ns ??????? nt ??????? nx ??????????? nz ??????? b ????? O ?????? c ???? ch ???????? ck ???????? P ??? pba ?? pbei ?? d ???? Q ???? e ??? R ???? rb ????????? rd ????????? rm ????????? rn ????????? rs ??????????? rt ????????? rv ????????? f ??λ?? S ?????? g ???? ag ??????????? bg ??????????? dg ?????????? ng ?????????? sg ???????????? tg ?????????? vg ?????????? T ???? h ?? U ???? udh ??? uetc ?????? uguo ?? ule ?? uzhe ?? ude1 ?? ude2 ?? ude3 ?? usd ??? i ???? ia ?????????? in ????????? iv ????????? V ???? vd ??????? vn ???????? j ?????? ja, jn, jv???ο? i?? W ??? 22 ????λ????? k ??? X ???????? l ????? la, ln, lv???ο? i?? Y ?????? yde ?? yle ?? m ???? Z ????
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?? Moodle ?????????????????????????? (Instructional design of a short-term CFL situational conversation course based on Moodle)
?????? (Tsai, Ya-Wen) ???????δ?? (National Chengchi University) emilyisyawen@gmail.com ???????γ???????????????????????????????γ???? ??????????????????????У???? Moodle ??????????? ??Ч???Ч???????????Ч???????????????????????? ???? Moodle ??????壬??????????????????????????? ?У?????????? Abstract: This short-term CFL (Chinese as a Foreign Language) course is designed for students who are focusing on situational conversation. Due to the time constraint of such a short-term course, Moodle is used to help students enhance learning efficiency outside of the classroom and evaluate their learning outcomes at the same time. Moodle can combine teaching with instructional materials by its integration of multimedia. With the help of Moodle, students can achieve their learning goals at home just like in the classroom situation. ??????Moodle??會話??學???????學 Keywords: Moodle, situational conversation, short-term course 1. ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????÷?????? ???????????????????????????????? Moodle??blog ??????????????? ????????????????????????????γ???????????????????????????? ?????????????γ???????????γ?????????????????????С????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????μ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????ɡ???????????? ???????????????У??????????????????????????????????????? Moodle ???????????壬?????????????????????Ч???????????????????? ????????????????????????ογ?????????????????????????????
| Page 35 |
31 2. ??????? 2.1 ????γ????????????????????? ???????????γ?????????γ??????????ε?????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????Χ?????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????1???????ο??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????á???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????γ?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????÷??????????????????????档?? ????????????ε????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????г????????????????????????仯 ????????????????????????????Щ???????????????????????????? ?????????о????Щ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????У??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ????????????壬????????Ч??????á??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????б????趨?????????????????????????????????????趨????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????顢?? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????ж??????á????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????ν??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????2??????????γ??У????????? ?????????????к???????????????????????????м????????????ο? ?????????????????????????????????????о?????????????????????? ?г???????????????????????????????Ч?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
1 ??????????????ο????????????????????????????????2002???1????56-58??
2
?????????м?????????????????о?????????????????2007 ?? 12 ???? 43-48??
| Page 36 |
32 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????У? ??????????Щ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????У???????????????????????????????????????????????????н? ?????????У??????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???Щ??????????????е????????????????????????????????? ??????Щ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? Moodle ?????????????????????????? ?ò??????????????????н?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????γ????? —????????? 2.2 ????????? ??ν?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????á????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????3??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????γ????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????Σ????????????????????????????в???? ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 19?? ????????????м????????????ù?????????????????????????? ????л??????????????????Щ?????????????????????м??????? ??????????????????????????о??????????????????塣 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???и????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????繺???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
3 ???????????????????????????????????д?????????????о???2001 ??? 4 ??? ? 18-23??
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33 ?????????????????ε??????????????????棬??????????????????? ??????? 2.3 ????е?????? ??????????????е????????????—????????????????4????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????Щ????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????У?????????????????????? ??????????浽??????????ò???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????ε?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????κλ??????????????????????????? ?????????????м????????????????????????е?????????????????? ???????????????????Σ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ??????????????γ??????????????????????????????л??????? ?????????е??????????????????????????????????????????????????5?? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????顢??????need analysis????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 2.4 ???硢??????????? ???????????????????????磬???????????????????????壬???? ???????????????????????????硢????????????γ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????Щ?????????????Facebook ??????????? ???????????????????????Щ??????ж??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????Щ?????????????л?????????壬?????????????????? ????????6????????????????Ч??????????????????????主 ?????????ζ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ????
4 ??????<????????????е????????????—??????????????>?????????о???2008 ?? 8 ???? 60-61?? 5 ???????????????????? 98 ???????????????????????????о???<???????????> ?γ?????????????????? 6 ??????????????????????????壾??????????? http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu02/word/paper/24.pdf ??2010/01/13??
| Page 38 |
34 ???????λ????eLearning?????????????λ?????????????路????????? ???????????????????????7???????????????????????????Щ?????????? ???е????γ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????桢?????8??????????????γ???????????趨??????????Щ?? ?????????????????????????????д???γ???Ч???????????顣?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????桢 ???????????????????????????????в?????С?????С??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????о?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????磬???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????У????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????http://www.huayuworld.org/?????в?????????? ?????????????????????Ч???????? Online Learning ???? eLearning ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????塢?????????????????飬???????????????衣?? ????? e learning ????????????????????????????????????????????? Щ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?á????????????????????? ????????????????У?????? Second Life????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Moodle???????????? Moodle ?????????????????????????λ????? ??????????????????????????????????γ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????γ?????н????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????γ????????????? ?????????????????γ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????顣 2.5 ?????????? ????????γ??У?????????±????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????ж??????????????????????????????
7 ??????????????路??????????????? --[??????壾????????????????????
http://ppt.cc/(Ue5 ??2010/01/13??
8 ????桢????????????????绥?????л?????д????????????????????
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu03/papers/C10.pdf ??2010/01/13??
| Page 39 |
35 ?????????????????к??С?????????????????????? VoiceThread????????? ??????????????????????????????????н????????????????? PowerPoint ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????ò??????????????????Σ? ???????????????????????? ???????? voiceboard ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????е???????????????????? ??????????????????Щ?????????????Щ??????????????÷??????? ?Щ??????????????????????????ó????ü??????????????Щ?鷳?????? ????????????????YouTube ??????????????????????????????? 2.6 ?????????????鼮????? ??????? 301 ??9????????????????????????????????У????á??? ???????????????????С??????????Ρ???桢???С????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????д?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????10??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????в?????????????м??????????????????? ??????????????????Σ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????ж?????????????????????????? ??θ??????????趨?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?κε?????????????????????κ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????е???????????????????к????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???α???????????????????????????????η??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????ο?????????????á? ????? –???????????α???11????????????????У?????????????? ???????????У??????????α????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????У???????????????????????????????????????????
9 ???????????????????301???????????????????????????磬2005??7?????档 10 ???硢????????????????????????????????????磬1993????档 11 ??????????????? –???????????α????????????????????????棬2007??
| Page 40 |
36 ?α???д???????????????????????????????????????????????α??? ???У???????δ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????в???????????С????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????Щ?γ????? ????????????????????????????????ж?????? ??????й?—?м????????(????????)??12???????????м????????ò? ?????????????????????????д???????й???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????й??????????????????????? ????????????????? 20 ?Σ?????????????????????????б?д???? ??????α????д?????й??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????к??????????÷??????? ?????????????????????????????Щ??????????????????? ?????Щ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????Щ???????α?????и??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ?? ????????????????????????13???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????д???????????????????????磺 ??????????????????????????????????????????У?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???鲢??????????????????????г???????????????????????????? ?????????????á????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? 3. ??????????? 3.1 ?????? ???ε??????????????????????????????????????У????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????м???? ??????滭??????????????γ??
12 ???????????????й?—?м????????(????????)?????????????????????磬2002 ????档 13 ???????????衢??????????????????????????????????????2008 ?? 6 ?????档
| Page 41 |
37 3.2 ??????? ???????????????????????м????????????γ????????????°? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? 3.3 ?????? ?????γ????????????????????????????????????ε????????? ??????????????????????γ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????γ??????????ν? ????о?????????á? ???????????????????????γ????н??й?????????????????? ??????????????????????ж???γ???????????????????δ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??ú???????δ?????????????????????????????????????????У??? ??????λ???????ο??? 3.4 ??????????? ????????????????????????????????? Moodle ???????????? ???γ????????????????????Σ???Σ?С?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????е?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 3.5 ???????? ?????滮??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????в?????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??Halliday??1964:38??14????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????Э??? 3.6 ?γ????? ?????????????γ??????????????????????????????ε??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????䴙?????????????? ?б?????????Щ???????????塢?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????й??????????????????Щ??
14 Halliday, Mcintosh & Stevens, ??The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching ????1964??? 38?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????С?M.A.K halliday ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
| Page 42 |
38 ??????????????????????Ц????????????????????????δ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????棬??????????γ?????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????ж?????????????????????????????? ??????????У???????Щ????????????????????????????????????????? Ч?????????????????????????????????÷????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????Щ???????????????????????????????? ????γ??????? 3.7 ?????γ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????У?????????????????????????????????????????????л??? ????????????????к??????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????α????????????????????????????????????????У???? ??????????н?????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? 3.8 ???????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????
?γ????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????н????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 3.8.1 ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????ε?γ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????
| Page 43 |
39
??
???????????κ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????а??????????? ???? YouTube??www.youtube.com.tw?????????????????Ч????????????? ???з????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????(???)
???
| Page 44 |
40 ??????????????????????????????????????????
???
?????????????????????????????????д??????????ɡ????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????н??? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????
???
| Page 45 |
41 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????趨?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????壩??????????????
???????????Щ???? 1.????????????????? ???????????Щ????????????????? 2.?????????????????????????? ???????????Щ??????????/???????? 3.??????????????????????????
???
3.8.2 ????????? ??????壬????????????е??????????γ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????л?????Щ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????У?Moodle ????????????????γ?? ???????е?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????鷳?????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????γ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????
| Page 46 |
42
???
??????????????????д?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????С????????????????????????????? ??http://www.cchar.com/education/hong-kong-student/chinese-for-hong-kong-student.ph p????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????
???
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43 ????????????У???????????????????????С?????????????????? ??????????????????????д????????????????????????????п??л? ??????????????и??????????
???
3.8.3 ??????? ?????γ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????д??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????嵵????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????顣 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
| Page 48 |
44
???
?????????????????е?????δ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????飬????????????????????????????????? ????????????б????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????д裬????????????????????????????????????????м??? Ч??????????
??
| Page 49 |
45 4. ???? ????????????????????У????????硢??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????С??κ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????У??????????????????н?????????????????????????????? ????????????????ζ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????п?????????????????????У????????????????????п???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????ü????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????项????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????о?????????λ?? ???????????????????????????????????????òο???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????У? ??????????????????????????????????????????䶮 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????ò????????????С????????????????????????????仹 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????λ????????????????????С???????????????????????? ???????ε?????????????????С????????????????????Щ???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????ù???????????????????????????????????????? ?ο????? Halliday, M. A. K., McIntosh, A., & Strevens P. 1964. The Linguistic Sciences and Language Teaching. London: Longmans Green and Co Ltd. ????桢???????(2010)?????????绥?????л?????д??????????????????
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu03/papers/C10.pdf ??2010/01/13??
???硢??????????(1993)??????????????, ??档?????????????硣 ?????????(2002)????????й?—?м????????(????????)????????档?????? ???????????硣 ???????????衢???????(2008)??????????????????????档???????? ???????
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46 ????????????(2005)????????? 301 ????????????????档???????? ????????硣 ????(2001)?????????????????????????????????д???????????? ?о???2001 ??? 4 ??? ?????(2002)???????????ο????????????????????????????????2002 ?? ?? 1 ??? ???????????(2007)??????? –???????????α????????????????????????档 ?????????м?????????????????о?????????????????2007 ?? 12 ??? ????????2008????<????????????е????????????——???????????? ??>?????????о???2008 ?? 8 ??? ?????????http://www.huayuworld.org/ ??????(2010)??????????路???????????????——[??????壾?????? ??????????????http://ppt.cc/(Ue5 ??2010/01/13?? ???????(2001)?????????????????????壾???????????
http://edu.ocac.gov.tw/discuss/academy/netedu02/word/paper/24.pdf
??2010/01/13??
| Page 51 |
47
運?? iPad 進???????與學 (Teaching and learning Chinese with an iPad)
???錫 (Lin, Chin-Hsi) ?????學爾灣??У (University of California, Irvine) chinhsil@uci.edu 連???? (Lien, Yujen) 國???灣師範??學 (National Taiwan Normal University) lienyujen@gmail.com ?????????????????說?? iPad ???學???發???應??趨勢????? 紹 iPad ??????????г?運??????????????師們??????時間??並 將 iPad ?????運????????档?????????紹 iPad ??語???學?е?? ?軟體??????????紹??學??關??軟體??????????紹??軟體???????? ??費??為???????????業軟體??會???紹時??別標註?? Abstract: This paper will first introduce characteristics of iPad and describe the current trend. The second section will present several handy apps for everyday use, and the following section will introduce different apps for Chinese teaching and learning. The fourth section will introduce apps for general teaching. Most of the apps presented in the paper are free, and commercial apps will be noted at the first present of the paper. 關鍵詞????動學習??iPad??華語???學 apps Keywords: Mobile learning, iPad, Apps for TCSL 1. iPad????學與趨勢 ??動應?ó??與???裝???? 2011 ???????????趨勢?? (Gartner, 2011)???? 講??輕?????????С????動??????? PC 時????iPad ??????????數 iPhone ???? ??應??軟體(apps)??????較????視範圍?????????許??創???應?÷???????? 為?????來????歡??????裝?á?2011 ?????????電腦???貨??達 6 ?萬??? ?? iPad ??佔 4,420 萬? (Ngo,2011)??iPads 從 2010 ?? 1 ???????? 2012 ?? 10 ???總 體銷??數????達?億????? (Lawler, 2012)????數?????????????況???iPad ????? ??????????對??學??漸產???響??????國為?????? 2500 間??????? iPads ??為 學習???? (Velazco, 2012)???過裝載 iOS ??裝???????學習????書寫???????聽 ????課??運??虛擬鍵盤????????過???複習漢??? (Godwin-Jones, 2011)??iPad ??????????種????實驗課??裡????給學????預習???學習???課????? (Yuen, 2011)??
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48 iPad ???????開?????????學???????趨勢???學??專??們????幾項優勢 ??????幾項??與?????學????????????結??????????運???當??還??補?? 傳統??學??資訊?????學無?????????動??茲將這Щ???????????? 1. ??點觸??螢???iPad ??備 9.7 吋??點觸??螢???2012 ???產?? iPad mini 則 ??備 7.9 吋??點觸??螢????????現?????圖???動畫????????體??? ?????讓學習?????????觸??筆????觸螢?執??點擊???????繪圖??寫?? ???????過??點???觸???????????觀???????????螢?內?????????變 ??體??С??捲動?????複製????貼????????結??繪圖??寫?塢????鍵盤?? ??樣???????????學習????動???閱讀內????動??間?? 2. ??軸????儀(Three-axis gyro)????????應??(Accelerometer)與環?????應?? ??Ambient light sensor????這??項??應??????讓 iPad 將環??數據轉??為??機?? 動??據??學習?????運??觸??與??裝???動?????設計??員???????????儀 ???應??測??裝?????狀況????發??宮遊戲????學????體?? (motion sensing) ????學習???????應????運??則??強??體?е?動??????讓?????動裝???? 體??動??????與???內???и????結??? 3. ?????攝??錄?錄頭??iPad2 ??????續??機種??攝??錄????????????許?? ???學???????????? Skype ?? Google talk ????????讓??動裝????????為 遠???學????飬師????遠??對話???儕??????遠???話討論????????運 ?÷??棬視訊裝???讓學習??逕????動裝????攝?????????並?過無線網· ?????傳雲???間???????????? app???? ScreenChomp???????????將現 場???????註記??說??過??錄??????????產?? ??聲??Ч??????體專題????????????業?? ??????????? iPad ????????? Pleco ??????? ?過鏡頭???學?????識????讀?攝???????並 ???轉譯?????讓學???? iPad ????內??????寫輸?? ??輸??????詢??漢???Pleco ??實時?鵽??釋??並?? 讓學習??運?ù???欄?????????簡??換??????? ??換????簡體??????閱讀學習??á? 4. ??ж?麥??風????????????????動裝???????進???????時對話??? ???讓學習??錄製?????聲????岻斷??練習??昇??說??????iOS 6 ????°? ?? iPad ???????? Siri 語??????????????將?統設??為????汾?????? ???說輸?????????????????諸?? Hi, Nihao ???語???識?????調У調?? ???應?ó????????????訓練語?м?發??? 5. Wifi??3G ?? 4G 網·??????動裝??與雲??????來?????е?關係??iPad ?? 備?? Wifi??3G ?? 4G 無線網·連線????對無線網·??????來?????讓學習 資?與雲???務???? Google 雲???????Dropbox ??雲??儲???間隨時連線?? 讓資?????????á????????換????????來???? app ?????資??傳?????
圖? ??時????轉譯
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49 ????? Nearpod???????過網·將????????學員?? iPad ????????時??饋?? ?????動?????讓??與學獲???????動??與機會?? 6. ?? AirPlay 無線????iPad ???過 AirPlay ??術連結??連???????機?? Apple TV($99)????? iPad??Apple TV ??????個???????網????????無線 ???將裝?????內?????傳輸????機?????????師??運??這項???????電?? ??弰電腦??讓課???動??簡報????實體線·?????????????????ж?????? iPad????????過無線???????裝???螢?內?????時??動資訊??讓課??內 ???學??動?и???創??實踐?徑?? 7. ?????????iPad ???機時間長??攜帶????應?ó??????開發??積極??? ???種?????讓?? iPad ??????????電腦???時間?內??為??動裝????? ??????為????來??長????????產????????攜帶????儲????????機 時間長??與線?????與??費機??????結??????iPad ???漸??為電??書閱讀 ????遊戲?????????????????裝?á? ??? iPad ????種?????????許??????????過內??揚聲????聽??運??麥 ??風??說??????螢?轉???讀???過觸??螢???????寫???虛擬鍵盤??????種 ?????????轉???????學??????????運?? skype ???????語???時訊?軟體?? Siri 語???識??語??轉????軟體訓練學習???語??溝???????運??電??書??網頁?? ?????軟體訓練學習??????詮釋??????????過錄???錄???專??製???????驗 ??學習????達?????????????????????運?÷???????????·?別針對??種 ??學應?ó??????紹?過 iPad 進???????學?????? 2. ???軟體 ?開???? iPad 時??許????師會??????問題??????將????????檔????筆 記????電腦與 iPad ?間傳輸?????????過 email ???????????東??????電腦裡 ???iPad ??沒??辦??處?????實這Щ問題???????過 apps 來??決??????說??Щ東 ????經記??電腦裡??? iPad ??沒??辦???樣記錄這Щ筆記???這????沒?б? Evernote ???????軟體???Evernote ???個??????筆記軟體??????將筆記備??? 雲?????棬並???????????動裝?á?Evernote ???類????尋???????????????? ?? Evernote ????????????????電??郵?????????????????費筆記軟體??? 參????UPad (??寫筆記??)??AudioNoteLite (錄???筆記???紀錄軟體) 筆記?????????檔???????????雲??備???雲??備??????與 Evernote 雲?? 筆記???樣?????將檔?????該軟體?У???會??動將檔?????????????動裝?á? ??雲??備??軟體裡??Dropbox 與 Box.net ??這???????選??兩?????將檔??備??? 雲?????過????????雖???將檔??備???雲?????? iPad ?????這Щ檔???? 還?????網·連線????????????????????????沒??網·??環??時?????????檔 ????稱??沒辦????載檔????
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50 ?????臨時??????? iPad 連線??辦??????裡??電腦???????試試 TeamViewer 這??遠??遙??軟體????這個????來說????TeamViewer ??運???????? ??裡??辦?????電腦??須??裝 TeamViewer??並設?ú???碼??iPad 開啟 TeamViewer ??輸???λ數??帳號??這????電腦???樣?????輸????設??????碼????????? ?? iPad 遠??遙????辦??????裡??電腦??????? TeamViewer??Wyse PocketCloud ????????錯??遠??遙??軟體???????裡??辦????? Windows 電腦???? IP?? ????????過 PocketCloud ??????? Windows ??業?統??逕??遠??????? ??決?? iPad 檔????筆記??遙???問題??????來??????書處???????????筆 ???經驗??iPad 雖?????簡??編輯 Office ???????這??須購買軟體???????????? ????這Щ軟體並無??與 Office ????????????????薦?????????儘???? Evernote??Google Drive ??處??資訊??????????編輯??時???????電腦來處 ??? 3. ??學軟體 3.1 ???????與發?? ??語練習???開??????????從????聲調??????? ?Щ apps 專門練習????????學????漢語????????讓 學???? Pinyin Chart??這個軟體????讓學?????????組 ????過??聽來?????????聲調間???異??Pinyin Trainer 則??進???????現許?????練習??讓學????聽聲?? ?????幾個選項???選擇??確?????換?????Pinyin Chart ????聽????? Pinyin Trainer 則?????????層?Ρ? ??????練習聲調??語???Tone Tutor ?????個????讓 學??練習????????聽錄???????????聲??錄??來??軟體 會??據??????錄???調??????確??聲調??語調??學習?? ????????統錄????????聲????統調??過??聲?????? ?間????較??並進?????進?????發??? ???學????????號???????????樂學??? Lite????? ??學???($0.99)??Bopomo ????($0.99)?????????發??? 圖????還????簡單??測驗?????畫????????潑??愛??適 ??С??????學???長????邊協??С????學習?? ????這幾??軟體???iSay Nihao ??????????語 練習?????幾??軟體??????發????С?????????????? 聲調??語調???iSay Nihao 則??????給??評???錄????? ?????據?個???發???聲調給???個綜??評???學習 ?????????發???????處??從??針對?Щ????????練習??
圖????Tone Tutor ???? ?????iSay Nihao ???
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圖???CS Zika Chinese Flashcards ??? 圖?壺?????????????
3.2 ??語 ??運?????語練習??軟體?в?????????課????與學??進?м?時溝???????? ?? Skype ?? Messenger?????進??????溝???????? IMO.im 連????????時?與 學??溝?(??軟體????語??溝?)???????? VoiceThread ??線??進??團體對話???? ??現?ж?種??? apps ???????與學??進??????對話?????? Facebook??Twitter?? Google+?????????????????溝?????? ????發??練習???°?? iPad 內?? Siri ????語??輸?? ???? Siri ???????參?? iFlyDictation(簡體????)?? Dragon Dictation(????簡體??????語?????識??轉譯)?? 這兩個軟體????減???師輸???時間?????給學?????? ???????讓??們?????????語??????????語??輸??? ??????в???確??????還??????鍵盤輸??來?????? ???????ó??內????????將這??????發??? Facebook?? Twitter ??電??郵?????????貼???????????á? iFlyDictation 針對????語??輸??Dragon Dictation ?????? 語??種類較??????????????????????種語???? ???????這兩??軟體????須????網·????況 ?????進??語???識?? 3.3 ???與閃?? iPad ?????與閃???????в???????軟體???????? Pleco??DianHua Dictionary??trainchinese: Dictionary & Flash cards ?? HanYu Chinese Dictionary???? ???????費???Pleco ????費???????и?費???????費??????????與閱讀???? ??????顯???體??簡體?????輸???????選擇漢??????????與???????? 適??????????華語學習????????項???????貼??閱讀????????將網頁??????? ????????????????來???????貼??閱讀?????點選? 個??詞????會??現該??詞???釋??Pleco ??個??????? ??費?組????譯???? ($14.99)??????讓????? iPad ?????? 機針對?個??詞?????Pleco 會??動??識並顯???這個?? ??????釋????過這個?????較適?? iPhone????為 iPhone ????機????動對?????????? iPad ??Ч????見?ú?á??? ??????譯??????????試試?? iPhone ?????? CamDictionary( ????費????費?? ) ?? TextGrabber ($1.99)?? trainChinese: Dictionary & Flash cards 軟體????費?????進 階?????????註冊???裡??????????練習??????並?? 間????複?統(the space repetition system)????學過?????? 會??????時間???現??Σ???????強記憶??DianHua
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52 Dictionary ??????結?????????????詢??詞??時??????將??詞????書籤?? 這Щ??詞??會進??????統??HanYu Chinese Dictionary 與 DianHua Dictionary ?? ?????????點?????課????詞彙?б???磺HSK ???級??詞彙???????聽說讀寫 ??詞彙?????過??載這Щ詞彙???????????費??閱讀?????軟體??????????? 閃??(flashcard)?????????試???Flashcards+?? Flashcards*?????錯????費?? ?統??????讓??從閃??網? Quizlet ??載????? iPad??對識??習詞幫????С??Ψ? ???點????發???????並????????????裡????????發???????????閃 ??軟體????????轉語??(text-to-speech)?統??????這??????買????強???點??閃 ??軟體?????? Flashcards deluxe ($4.99)??????這Щ閃??軟體??CS Zika - Chinese Flashcards($1.99) ??專門為????學習製????閃??軟體?????? 1350 ???與????閃??軟 體??????????軟體????選擇題?????來??現?????換????????個??攜帶??測驗 題??隨時???????學習??HanCard ??專為????製????閃????裡??????????Щ???? 國?????課??與 HSK 詞彙??軟體??????費?????????????и?費??沒??聲???沒 ??選擇題練習???????類???軟體?? HSK Test????點則?????漢語????試??詞 彙???档HSK test ????測驗題?????讓學習??選????確????????應??學????經?? ? HSK 詞彙?????????á?????????? HSK Test ????????????(popupchinese) 開發???該網???????????費??????華語??師與學習????á? ???????????閃??軟體?????????費???????????沒??聲???這??論對С?? ??????學習???????夠?????????聲???筆順動畫??????寫????並?? Flash card ????複習??詢過?????????則??議參?? nciku Chinese Dictionary($7.99)??????? 兒?學習???????試試???????-????????($0.99)?????適?? 2-7 歲??兒??? 這??簡體?????聲???????漢?????????約?? 370 ??? ????現???閃???????師?????運?? sonic pics($2.99)讓學????製圖?????? ??並????為???????錄???讓學習???過??動????務為課??蒐???????????並?? 課????????????????練習??機會??????學習??Ч?? 3.4 動畫???? 動畫?????? iPad ???в????這?????軟體???時練習聽??與閱讀??並讓學習 ????????內???????陸鋒???製?????選動畫?????????兩????????錄?????? 則動畫?????裡??????體???????????????裡??雖?詞彙??????點難????這Щ ?????????????詳????????動畫??聲??????與????對??б?????С????來 說應該????適???閱讀?????類??? apps ???????體???簡體????У???Щ 還????????釋????????學習??這Щ閱讀 apps ??數?????語????????????歷 ?????????傳說??節慶?????????С說??關???????陸鋒??? (參見
http://www.5qchannel.com/ipad/index.htm) ??Apple Tree
(http://www.appletreeapp.com/indexcn.html ) ??這Щ?????開發?? iPad 動???????這 Щ動???????數????漸??長??????漸導??觸???動??????無論??兒??????? ???????????????點擊發?????動??頁??聽??點選???????動???閱讀遊戲???
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圖????Chinese writer ???
??????動畫????? app ?У?將來勢??還?и???優質??????????動???內????兒 ??????學習華語????變閱讀??習慣?? 3.5 識??與寫?? 識??與寫???????軟體並????????eZi Test Chinese ????費軟體裡??滿? ???試???這??軟體???? HSK ?????並??備閃??與??????????????學習?? ????eZi Test Chinese 還????練習寫???筆畫順????顏?標?????????????????? 練習????過С?點????這????沒??筆順動畫??寫?????????????時??饋??????? ??須對????邊??顏?來檢視????????確??Chinese Writer ?樣??練習寫???軟 體?????????????內????學????????????從 tutorial 開???畫???·?會??現 ?????????畫??????間??畫??會??時??現???筆筆畫????????????確寫????該筆 畫????會??現??個筆畫??Chinese Writer ????????????開發????????????????? 網?註冊?個??費帳號??Chinese Writer 會?и??????????練習?????????隨 機?????個??來練習寫???Chinese writer 現????н????棬??漢語????試?? 級詞彙??漢??習寫??讓漢???練習????????? д????????則進???????費??簡體筆順動畫? ????????????????尋??????????С學????課??進???? 尋?????????????????釋??聽發?????觀??筆順動 畫??СС???點????筆順動畫???現???????筆?ò?? 顏????雖?????區別????會讓????Щ???繚亂??iLearn Chinese Character Lite ???????簡體筆順動畫??將漢???? ??題????????個學習????費??????????????約????? ???????圖?????釋??筆順動畫??還????動??寫????? ?????這Щ??????????華語學習???С????學習??順 ??Trainchinese Chinese Writer ??????????????寫??與 筆順練習軟體??結????習??與遊戲????????????體 ???簡體????У?????聲?????與????釋?????適?? ??學??á?習???????????動畫??現?????????·?將筆順??顏?標註??來????? ???????圖???????????筆畫???????????????筆???軟體??會???????? 圖??遊戲?????????從畫?????會??????來??????????點???????該??會?? ???????????????時間?內????確??寫??來????會???積???寫???????確?? ??????雙??積???這??軟體????試??軟體????費???????學習?????????須 ?????買?????裡????????? HSK ??級來製?????????習???軟體還???Щ???? ?? eStroke????????????????????試試????????識??遊戲??????試試 iCQuiz ($1.99)這個??????對遊戲?????????兩個?樣???????????????? ?灣??鋒?????????漢??學園($NT300)?????紹??該 app ???????С??? ??級???練習?????漢????戰??單???運??該??????術??????學習???筆劃順??
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54
圖???Hi Nahao ??? ????StoryKit ???
??確?????????確?????觀????並??讓學習??複習??習寫過???г?錯??漢???漢 ??????????習寫????經進????動????領?? 3.6 寫?? iPad ??寫???????軟體還??????????寫???????師 ????與學??????進??腦????盪??並????????圖來??發 靈?С?????????與計畫寫???????iPad ??????圖?????в? ??軟體??從??費????費???У???費??????? Idea Sketch?? 簡單С????????進階????須購買 iThoughtsHD ($9.99)????????????編輯??繪畫?????????繪製???? 圖??Whiteboard lite 則???錯??選擇??學??們?????過藍 ?傳輸?????繪製?????業??進??腦????盪?? ????腦????盪????學????????? iPad ???л???? ?????創??????StoryKit ?? StoryLines 進?й???創???? StoryKit ??????軟體??幾???????????????協???? ?ɡ??????????????????????????圖?與????? 節?????譯???????StoryLines ??設計???????????? ?÷?????將?????學????????????組????組???個 iPad??iPod ?? iPhone?? 進?? StoryLines 選擇????該組??數??????當??個??????個????????將??動 裝??傳給???個???????????業為???這兩??軟體對???????????????? 體??簡體?????????輸?????????創????????單純??筆記軟體??????寫???? ???? GoodNotes??????匯?? Dropbox ???.pdf ???檔???????檔??????師???????? 設計寫??學習單??圖說????圖檔????????學???? Dropbox 資??夾?????????導 ?? GoodNotes??運????寫筆跡??虛擬鍵盤???????將?????? email ??????? 來????為寫???????? 3.7 ??學軟體 ????來?????????????觸與學習 ?????時??裡????????????師學習 ????過??動裝????學???????? 種經濟?????趨勢??Hi, nihao ??????應 這個????誕???? app??????????? 過??1.輸????????????????????2. 選擇國????3.輸???????4.選擇職業?? ??個??驟?????????統設?????組?? 標準?????????紹?? Hi Nihao ?運???? Tone Tutor ?? 術???統????動??對?????與範???? 檔????調??發???並??將????????
| Page 59 |
55
圖???EssayGrader ???
??聲??轉為??確??檔??????????對與練習??確發???????????練習??????? ??????據??數???????讓?????????紹??發???為標準?? ?? iPad ???????????項????????學軟體還???????????還?????發?階 ?Ρ?僅??課??數λ??並?????????譯與發????????實並??????????????學軟體?? Ψ?????????學設計並?????種評鑑學習?????與??饋??????構???個??????學 軟體??並讓學??從??獲?档 3.8 ??務導????軟體 ???讓學???????л???δ???專題????業??iPad ??錄???錄??????????體 ??????????發揮????輔??Ч???????? PuppetPals HD ?????個????????? ??師???????學????學????過??內???? avatars ???話劇??學??????選擇?? ??場??????開??? iPad ????????並錄?????個過?????????轉製為??並?? 傳?? YouTube???????產????過???У?學習?????寫腳????討論劇?顢設計??? 對???錄????????????運???????聽??說??讀??寫????????類??? app 還???? Sock Puppets??Toontastic ???????讓學習???????聲??Ч????動畫??????Ｐ場?? ??製動畫????????????際發揮讓學習??練習?????Ч???? 4. ??????學軟體 iPad ???????????????學習????學????還??????來輔????師進??課?ù???? ?Щ瑣???????說點?????????點??軟體 Attendence ($4.99) ?? iPad ???????紀 錄??????紀錄學????????????請??????點??????????選擇?????? email 學??????學????單?У?????從 Excel ?? csv ???匯???????動輸??還??????學?? ?????????對????儘??記?學????????????課????師??應該???幫??????? ??點?????與學????溝?紀錄?????????軟體?????????學????學習與??長紀 錄??????????點????????紀錄與 學???間??溝?與學習???????試試 Teacher??s assistant Pro ($5.99)??Confer ($14.99)?? ?????個??師????愛?????? ??評???iPad ??в???評??軟體???? 選擇??GroovyGrader ??????簡單?? ?????個評????滿?????????輸 ??題數?????GroovyGrader 會顯 ???對幾題?????幾?????????? 時????????錯??? EssayGrader ($5.99) ??輔????師進??????評??軟體??這??軟體??較適????????????為??饋?? ???????這??軟體????內?????饋讓??師??選??讓??師??據這Щ選項?????給
| Page 60 |
56 學????????進??評???雖?這??設計給???????評?????????饋??類別與內???? ??????????????????????會???點?????????評??軟體?? GradeKeeper ($4.99) ??????????歷???評??軟體??現??????? iPad ?汾??GradeKeeper ????點 ????紀錄學????績???????λ????????師??????綜????軟體??這??軟體?時? ?? Windows 與 Mac ?汾??????設計給??師??評??軟體?????設計給學?????績軟 體??Grades 2 ??輸???????績??讓學?????????ο??????????? A??對????? ??績??學????這??軟體????讓??們設???個??????標?? iPad 還?????決?個課?????見????????師問問題??時??沒學??????? ????師???隨機??個???雖???師???????????難??會????覺??????選??選? Щ學????這???????過 Teachers?? pick ($0.99)??Random#??Stick pick ($2.99)?? Decide Now! ($0.99)??Teacher tools-Who??s next ($2.99)??Pick me! ($2.99) ??Smart Seat ($3.99)來??選?????????號碼???????現?????????況???? Pick me!還???個 貼???????學????對???話?????會??現????γ?籤裡?棬這????????以動?? 機會??????沒??參與???????數??與??師??動??????這Щ??學軟體??Щ??單??? ?????Щ則???種????結???????????續擴????У??選購????須??細選擇?? 較?? iPad ?????點??????????????為與學???間??溝??????????師??? Edmoto 來進??課????桢佈????業??????訊???iPad ????? Edmoto ??????? ??師??á??????師????????網???????來輔????????學??????????軟體當?? eduTecher-backpack??這個軟體??個??師??????????裡??師??????薦????歡? ???資?????????師們?????????尋????資?並??筆記???????????網??裡???? 尋?? 隨?? iPad ?????????來????課????備????? iPad????????????? iPad?? 筆????薦 NearPod 這?? app??????為??師?漰學???棬??師????? NearPod 網??? 製?????動????????????為???н??????問??????選擇??????繪圖?? ??動題?????師??????課????讓學??開啟 NearPod for students??????將??動?? ????傳遞??學???? iPad ???並讓???學????時???閱覽???????問題????? 螢???書寫漢?????師?????過?????裝???????學?????狀況??????課????動 機會?? 5. С結 ??? iPad ?????????軟體與??項?體??????來???????學??????? iPad ?? ?????????о?????趨勢??????????????????對應?? apps 來??????學?????侷 ???課?????學??????網·??隨時隨????練習????課???????師??ж?種???? ??????? iPad??????運???Щ???軟體??課????讓學??練習???????????體資 ???學??瀏覽???????????????軟體來??籤??點???????學????? iPad??學?? ??????С組進??協?寫????????????師???????務?????????????過???????
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57 軟體??讓學????????無線環?????過 iPad ?????????師????並??時??應??師 ?????????????問題????師????據學?????別??應?????餽??????課????動 ??? ??過?????產?雖???????????????並??構???種??學?????? NetBook ?? ?о??У?學???將??點?????學設計???????????ú?種??? (Suhr, Hernandez, Grimes, & Warschauer, 2010)???????????動裝?????況???這Щ裝????????? ?????課????У???為課???????????師??學??????會??別??識??這Щ??動裝?? ????? (see Beatty, 2003; Hill & Reeves, 2004)???????????紹??類別???????? 應對????????????????師們?????學場?????????運??????維???????????? 師??????學與課??設計??讓??師??學??????????????發??????? 參????獻 Beatty, K. (2003). Teaching and researching computer-assisted language learning. New York: Longman. Gartner. (2011). Top 10 strategic technology trends for 2011. Retrieved October 25, 2011, from
http://www.gartner.com/it/content/1524600/1524620/february_9_top_10_strategi c_tech_dcearley.pdf.
Godwin-Jones, R. (2011). Emerging technologies: Mobile apps for language learning. Language Learning & Technology, 15(2), 2-11. Hill, J. R., & Reeves, T. C. (2004). Change takes time: The promise of ubiquitous computing in schools: A report of a four year evaluation of the laptop initiative at Athens Academy. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. Lawler, R. (2012). Apple iPad sales topped 100 million two weeks ago. Retrieved November 30, 2012, from http://www.engadget.com/2012/10/23/apple-ipad-sales-
100-million/.
Ngo, A. (2011). iHs iSuppli increases iPad sales estimates. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://www.notebookcheck.net/IHS-iSuppli-increases-iPad-sales-
estimates.60202.0.html
Suhr, K. A., Hernandez, D. A., Grimes, D., & Warschauer, M. (2010). Laptops and fourth grade literacy: Assisting the jump over the fourth-grade slump. The Journal of Technology, Learning, and Assessment, 9(5). Retrieved October 20, 2011 from
http://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/jtla/article/view/1610/.
Velazco, C. (2012). Apple points to iPads & iBooks in 2,500 U.S. classrooms, reaffirms commitment to education with updated iBooks Author. Retrieved November 30, 2012 from http://techcrunch.com/2012/10/23/apple-reaffirms-commitment-to-
education-with-updated-ibooks-author/.
Yuen, A. (2011). iPads become learning tools for teens learning Mandarin. Retrieved October 20, 2011, from http://ed.stanford.edu/news/ipads-become-learning-tools-
teens-learning-mandarin.
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58 ??錄
iPad 軟體
??????
• Evernote: 雲??筆記軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/app/evernote/id281796108?mt=8
• UPad Lite: ??寫筆記軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/upad-lite/id409143694?mt=8
• AudioNoteLite: 錄???筆記???紀錄軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/audionote-lite-notepad-voice/id379301403?mt=8
• Dropbox: 雲??檔????間?????備??軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dropbox/id327630330?mt=8
• Box.net: 雲??檔????間?????備??軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/box.net/id290853822?mt=8
• TeamViewer : 遠??遙??軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/teamviewer/id357069581?mt=8
• Wyse PocketCloud: 遠??遙??軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/wyse-pocketcloud-remote- desktop/id398798399?mt=8
• IMO: ??種??時?軟體????軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/imo-instant-messenger/id336435697?mt=8
• WebEx: ????視訊會議
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/webex-for-ipad/id364031971?mt=8
???????與發??
• Pinyin Chart: ???圖???發??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pinyin-chart-learn-all-chinese/id407215045?mt=8
• Pinyin Trainer: ???練習??聽聲??選擇??確??
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/pinyin-trainer-by-trainchinese/id376797304?mt=8
• ??樂學??? Lite:
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/id326275513?mt=8
• ????學??? ($0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/id458025156?mt=8
• Bopomo ???? ($0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/id440432964?mt=8
• Tone Tutor: 調????國學????????聲調 (????????)
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/tone-tutor/id386896579?mt=8
• iSay Nihao??????為????練習????時??饋 (?個??給評??)
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/isay-nihao/id417894294?mt=8
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59 ??語練習
• VoiceThread : 線??團體討論
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/voicethread/id465159110?mt=8
• Skype : 語??/視訊電話
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/skype/id304878510?mt=8
• IMO.im: ?????????時?軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/imo-instant-messenger/id336435697?mt=8
• iFlyDictation: ????語??輸??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/iflydictation/id411611739?mt=8
• Dragon dictation: ????語??輸??
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/dragon-dictation/id341446764?mt=8
???與閃??
• Pleco: 結?????與閱讀????軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dianhua-dictionary/id288580473?mt=8
• trainchinese: Dictionary & Flash cards?????與閃??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/trainchinese-dictionary-flash/id333830076?mt=8
• DianHua Dictionary: ???
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dianhua-dictionary/id288580473?mt=8
• HanYu Chinese Dictionary: ??匯??詞彙??????(匯??須???費)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hanyu-chinese-dictionary/id414309789?mt=8
• CamDictionary??????譯????????
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/camdictionary-free-the- gateway/id407952605?mt=8
• TextGrabber??????譯????????($1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/textgrabber/id438475005?mt=8
• Flashcards+: 閃??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flashcards/id408490162?mt=8
• Flashcards*: 閃??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flashcards/id403199818?mt=8
• Flashcards deluxe: 閃??????????轉語?????($4.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/flashcards-deluxe/id307840670?mt=8
• CS Zika - Chinese Flashcards: ???????測驗 ($1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/cs-zika-chinese-flashcards/id435179044?mt=8
• Hancard: ????閃?? (???須???費)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hancard/id411874238?mt=8
• HSK test: 漢語????試???
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/hsk-test/id382098899?mt=8
• ???????-????????: ??聲???($0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id432313087?mt=8
• Sonic pics: ??製圖??($2.99)
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60
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/sonicpics/id345295488?mt=8
• nciku Online Chinese Dictionary
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/nciku-online-chinese- dictionary/id467020020?mt=8
動畫????
• Collection of Animated Story 1: ??選動畫???? 1 (?????則????體??????)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/collection-animated-stories/id440427210?mt=8
• Collection of Animated Story 2: ??選動畫???? 2 (?????則????體??????)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/collection-animated-stories/id441894480?mt=8
• 龜??賽???(??體???????$1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chinese-reading-the-tortoise/id403429659?mt=8
• ????????動????輯 ($1.99????體??????)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id432021791?mt=8
• Animated Story Collection 1: ??則???? (適?????級??簡體???????????
$1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/animation-story-collection-i/id432256139?mt=8
• The Grappling between Snipe and the Clam 鷸轐??爭: (簡體???????$1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/the-grappling-between-snipe/id427529646?mt=8
• Dying Fish out of the Water 沒???魚: ??則????(簡體???????????$1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dying-fish-out-of-the-water/id436098777?mt=8
• iReading HD ???????????? (簡體?????體??)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id398906017?mt=8
• iReading HD ????? (簡體?????體??)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id409682846?mt=8
• iReading HD ??? (簡體?????體??)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id439220099?mt=8
• iReading HD Hou Yi Shot the Sun (簡體?????體??????)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id434814221?mt=8
• BabyBooks-Potato House (簡體???????$0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id433114229?mt=8
• BabyBooks-Hide and Seek (簡體???????$0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id432880424?mt=8
識??與寫??
• eZi Test Chinese: 習???寫?????? (簡體?????體??)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ezi-test-chinese/id384300792?mt=8
• Chinese Writer: 學習筆畫
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chinese-writer/id374152537?mt=8
• д????????: (簡體????????????釋)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id451040570?mt=8
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61
• iLearn Chinese Characters Lite: (簡體???????????發???筆順動畫)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ilearn-chinese-characters/id349253256?mt=8
• trainchinese Chinese Writer: (簡體?????體???????筆順練習??發???遊
戲)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/trainchinese-chinese-writer/id422248993?mt=8
• ??????????????: ??簡體???????筆順動畫??筆順練習??發???
$1.99??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/id410796493?mt=8
• eStroke: (簡體?????體???????筆順動畫??發???$6.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/estroke-animated-chinese- characters/id312027795?mt=8
• iCQuiz: ??????對遊戲 ($1.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icquiz/id320363934?mt=8
• 漢??學園(NT 300)
https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/chinese-land/id490008918?mt=8
寫??
• Idea Sketch:????圖 (適???礎???)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/idea-sketch/id367246522?mt=8
• SimpleMind+: ????圖 (適???礎???)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/simplemind-mind-mapping/id305727658?mt=8
• MindHD: ????圖 (適???ж?????$0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/mindhd/id353534825?mt=8
• iThoughtsHD: ????圖 (適?????????$9.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/ithoughtshd-mindmapping/id369020033?mt=8
• Whiteboard lite: ????協??畫圖
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/whiteboard-lite-collaborative/id301962306?mt=8
• ScreenChomp:
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/screenchomp/id442415881?mt=8
• StumbleUpon: ??靈??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/stumbleupon!/id386244833?mt=8
• StoryKit : ????創??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/storykit/id329374595?mt=8
• StroyLines: ????創??
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/storylines/id464977336?mt=8
• Storyrobe: ????創?? ($0.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/storyrobe/id337670615?mt=8
??學軟體
• Hi Nihao:??學?????紹
https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/hi-nihao/id444057579?mt=8
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62
• Speak Mandarin in 1000 Words ????說華語
https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/id399194910?mt=8
• My Chinese Library: Mandarin Phrase Books: 詞彙??學軟體
https://itunes.apple.com/app/my-chinese-library-mandarin/id343535446&mt=8
• Chinese Number Trainer by trainchinese: 數????學軟體
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/chinese-number-trainer-by/id378767080?mt=8
• Daily Sentence in Taiwan 觀???灣-??????
https://itunes.apple.com/fr/app/id441042004?mt=8
??務??軟體
• Puppet Pals HD:Digital story telling
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/puppet-pals-hd/id342076546?mt=8
• Sock Puppets
https://itunes.apple.com/tw/app/sock-puppets/id394504903?l=zh&mt=8
• Toontastic
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/toontastic-free/id404693282?mt=8
??????學軟體
• Attendence: 點?? ($4.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/attendance/id301753475?mt=8
• Teacher??s assistant Pro-Track Student Behavior: 學????為紀錄 ($5.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/teachers-assistant-pro-track/id391643755?mt=8
• Confer: 學????為紀錄 ($14.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/confer/id387777553?mt=8
• Edmoto: 線?????
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/edmodo/id378352300?mt=8
• GroovyGrader: 評??軟體
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/groovy-grader/id376433959?mt=8
• EssayGrader: ????評?? ($5.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/essay-grader/id376946246?mt=8
• GradeKeeper: 評??軟體 ($4.99)
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/gradekeeper-for-ipad/id432436569?mt=8
• Grades 2: ??ε?幾???????? A?
http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/grades-2/id427900301?mt=8
• Teacher??s pick: 隨機??學??($0.99)
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63
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64
Review of Encounters: Chinese Language and Culture (??Encounters: ??????й??????????)
???? (Shen, Ting) ??????????? (University of Mount Union) shenti@mountunion.edu Cynthia, N., & Montanaro, J. S. (2011). Encounters: Chinese Language and Culture Book 1. CT: Yale University Press. ISBN: 978-0300161625 Cynthia, N., & Montanaro, J. S. (2012). Encounters: Chinese Language and Culture Book 2. CT: Yale University Press. ISBN: 978-0300161632 I began teaching Chinese in American high schools and universities in 2007, and have always found the textbook to be a crucial component in foreign language instruction. I have used a wide range of textbooks, including Happy Chinese, Chinese Link, Integrated Chinese, and Ni Hao, but was never completely satisfied with any of them. To provide world language instruction guided by the Standards for Foreign Language Learning—Communication, Culture, Connection, Comparison, and Community (the Five Cs)—Chinese instructors need a Chinese textbook that meets the following criteria: It must focus on communication and stress the use of language in authentic and meaningful real-life contexts; content knowledge learning must be integrated with language and culture; and most importantly, the textbook must make good use of technology to provide not just instructional materials but also abundant and engaging resources for both instructors and students. This textbook must reflect accurately the communities around us in America so that various connections between Chinese language and culture and the students?? daily lives can be made by both instructors and students. However, previously I had found no textbook that met these criteria to my satisfaction. While Ni Hao does introduces language skills that students can use in their daily lives, focusing primarily on self and family, for high schools and college students, this book is too easy and does not give students enough satisfaction. Chinese Link is also commonly used in American classrooms. Both these textbooks focus a great deal on reading and writing and introduce a vast number of vocabulary and grammar patterns. Many pages are devoted to exercises focusing on individual vocabulary, phrases, and grammar. There is cultural information but these are limited to end-of-chapter cultural notes that provide basic introduction and a presentation of facts. One problem we had with Chinese Link was that the increase in difficulty between the first and second volumes was too significant for them to be taught consecutively.
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65 Happy Chinese and most other textbooks by Chinese publishers all have the same problem: they are not designed specifically for American students. If learners do not see themselves, their lives, and their communities reflected in the textbook, they find it difficult to become really engaged in Chinese learning. Besides, one common problem for all these textbooks is that they focus too much on print and audio media. Today, interactive visual technology is everywhere and has become a staple in almost every student??s life. Any textbook that is not designed carefully to utilize the rich resources offered by technology loses precious opportunities to provide students the most effective and engaging Chinese learning experiences. In 2011, I became an assistant professor of Chinese, assigned to build a strong Chinese program from zero in a relatively small mid-western university. The first decision I had to make was to select a series of high-quality textbooks to attract students into Chinese program and effectively assist them to grow rapidly in their Chinese learning. Fortunately, I found Encounters: Chinese Language and Culture (Encounters) and decided to order the series for my students. It was a risky move, because when I placed the order for the books I had not yet seen the full set. Now when I think back it was definitely one of the best decisions I have ever made. As the preface says, Encounters is practical, communicative, culturally rich, and delightfully engaging. In two years, the enrollment in our Chinese program has increased from 6 to almost 50. Credit must be shared with the Encounters textbooks and authors Dr. Cynthia Ning and Dr. John Montanaro. Encounters is not just a series of textbooks. Instead it is a new generation of fully integrated language programs that is informed by the latest language learning research. The Encounters program has several important components: student books, character writing workbooks, a website, screenplays, and annotated instructor editions of the textbooks. The set provides a fully integrated array of learning materials focusing on communication and authentic language use in real-life context. Each episode that presents part of the story in this textbook leads you to the corresponding chapter and activities in the textbook, to audio activities, and to practice exercises and related cultural information. The use of technology is both the theme and the highlight of the comprehensive Encounters program. Nowadays most Chinese textbooks include the use of technology. Mostly there is a CD that provides an audio program and presents the pronunciation of the printed content of each chapter. The editors of Encounters include both language and media experts. The series provides enriched resources and demonstrates a well-designed use of technology, including 22 episodes of a dramatic story, a series of cultural mini- documentaries, an audio program that assists students with listening comprehension, pronunciation, vocabulary, and model conversation, and a website that distributes all the video and audio materials. Central among all the learning resources provided is a dramatic video series, filmed entirely on location throughout China in settings such as Beijing, Shanghai, Xi??an, Guilin and Qinghai. A variety of learning activities and exercises were designed to link to the video episodes and other media. In these videos, you will watch the dramatic story
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66 line developed around several characters of different professions, nationalities, backgrounds, life patterns, and personalities. These characters?? stories were developed meticulously and creatively in different settings such as university dorms, business conference rooms, elementary school classrooms, restaurants, and rural homes. The videos offer beautiful music, a lighthearted attitude, and humorous vignettes. In a relaxing, meaningful, and authentic context, students can be exposed to language skills used in real-life settings. For example, Unit 8 teaches about daily activities. The episode of Unit 8 depicts how one character (the Chinese young woman) looks for a job and has her job interview in Beijing, while another character (the American young woman who is an English teacher in Guilin) asks for help and tries to schedule some activities with her landlord??s son. If the students watch the episode without the available subtitles, they won??t understand most of the story the first time around. However, there are many cues, such as the music, visuals, some familiar language and some conversation in English, and characters?? actions and facial expressions, that can help students make sense of the story that is being told in the new language. Following this introduction, different video segments focus on specific phrases and sentences that students can use to ask questions and describe their own daily routines. In the exercises that follow, students immediately are offered opportunities to practice their new language skills and connect them to their own daily activities in their own culture. This process of learning is certainly integrated and comprehensive because students get to listen to, speak, read, and write in Chinese in very authentic real-life cultural contexts. The editors of Encounters designed a carefully structured and cumulative approach to link among episodes, language learning including vocabulary, phrases, and grammar, and related cultural information. All the cultural videos link to language functions. Different learning opportunities and activities available in each chapter are marked with colorful icons. Other than a long video, Encounters also presents numerous short video segments in which students can focus on some language patterns and obtain repeated exposure to them. For example, one video segment of Unit 8 emphasizes sentence patterns such as ?????????????????? and ?????????????. The context of discussing daily routines in real life provides authentic opportunities for students to practice the vocabulary for different activities, as well as grammar patterns using time expressions. Students must know these language functions to complete the tasks in this unit. Learning them also raises students?? interest in the cultural importance of daily activities. When students watch the cultural discussion, they are also exposed to the language functions repeatedly. This approach is really well designed and gives students maximum opportunities to enjoy the language in its cultural context. In viewing the episodes, students hear authentic Chinese speech. In real life communication, students will not have many opportunities to listen to the type of model Putonghua heard in most textbook audio programs. Encounters works hard to prepare Chinese learners to communicate in the real world. As in real life, they hear native Chinese speakers?? normal speech, some of which is accented to varying extents. Since the characters are from different areas of China such as Guilin, Shanghai, Qinghai, and Beijing, the accents students hear are diverse. Characters in the episodes also speak at different speeds and pitches based on mood and emotion, as people do in real life. In addition, students hear foreigners speaking Chinese. Some are very proficient and others
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67 apparently have just started learning Chinese. Seeing foreigners, who serve as role models, can be very motivating for beginning learners. Encounters also has its own website, that offers a variety of supplementary materials for both instructors and students, in addition to the audio program that most other textbooks have as well. Other than streaming video and audio content, there are other resources for speaking, reading, and writing Chinese. For example, the cultural segments illuminate aspects of life in China and enable students to explore beyond the confines of each unit. Students are exposed to meaningful discussions of different topics in Chinese culture. Real people from various walks of life speak on their perspectives on cultural topics such as meeting friends, bargaining in street markets, and Chinese festivals. Chinese people??s lives are presented in a fuller scope and with nuance, through technology. Encounters certainly reinforces the notion that language is inseparable from culture. Rather than having end-of-chapter cultural notes, cultural information is woven into the episodes and the texts, and ??pop-up?? discussions of culture are everywhere. One thing that I like particularly about Encounters is that it presents and discusses cultural information critically. No single person tries to pose their view of culture as fact. Neither is any cultural element singled out to represent all of Chinese culture—necessarily an enormous and complex construct. China is as large as and more populous than the United States. Many cultural practices are specific only to limited areas of China. By video- interviewing many different people, including both Western and Chinese, about their understandings of Chinese culture, and by contrasting and comparing Chinese and American cultural concepts, the Encounters program opens students?? eyes to diversity and multiculturalism. This is one of the most powerful functions of technology in foreign language teaching. There are some other interesting applications of technology on the website of the Encounters program. For instance, to provide students a model of accurate language use, there are also animations that are specifically made to teach important words, phrases, and sentences. Unlike many other textbooks that use audio and vocabulary cards to reinforce these language structures, the use of Chinese animation makes language input that much more engaging, interesting, and, strangely enough, even authentic (since the animation is reminiscent of what one might see on Chinese television). Rap songs are another example. At the end of each unit, there is a rap song written specifically to review the key expressions and vocabulary of the unit. Students can sing along and get more precious opportunities to practice Chinese phrases and sentences, using a format that they like. They can also download the raps using iTunes, to listen to at leisure. Another thing I like about the Encounters program is that clear and detailed analyses of grammar patterns are presented in the textbook, but are never the only focus of each unit. Rather, when grammar issues arise, they are introduced as Grammar Bits, which serve as important and useful tools to support the communication that students are practicing. The amount of grammatical information presented is certainly manageable; none of my students felt it was overwhelming. At the end of each unit, the grammar content of the unit is reviewed systematically. Certainly the attention to grammar can be a very supportive resource for students; more than that, the succinct and precise explanations of complex grammar patterns is a practical assistance to teachers as well,
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68 especially those who don??t feel comfortable using English to discuss Chinese grammar and linguistic structures. The comprehensive Encounters program adheres to ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines and also reflects a communicative approach to world language pedagogy. In the beginning of each unit is a list of Can-Do statements that presents the intended learning outcomes of each unit. In these Can-Do statements, different modes of communication and various language abilities are taken into consideration. A complete Recap section appears at the conclusion of each unit and corresponds to these Can-Do statements. The Recap section includes a summary of grammar topics, a vocabulary list, and a checklist of assessment tasks that students are expected to have mastered in this unit. Authentic materials such as a Chinese restaurant menu, business cards, and newspaper excerpts are included, and can be used as assessment activities if the teacher wishes. For example, rather than asking students to read the characters ??? (India), one assessment task for Unit 4 can be to look at a photo of the marquee of an Indian restaurant in Beijing, and circle the characters for ??India??. Using the Encounters program can certainly help Chinese instructors to provide standard-based instruction in their Chinese classrooms. Ironically, one complaint about the Encounters program is perhaps that it presents so much information, that teachers and students feel they can??t finish everything in of the amount of time available. In my first semester of using Encounters, my students and I were concerned about this issue. However, I quickly realized that what matters is not whether or not I have taught everything, but what students have learned and are able to use functionally on given topics in real-life settings. I revised my instruction accordingly. Instead of teaching to the textbook, I created PowerPoint presentations that capture the most important language and cultural information based on the Can-Do statements of each unit and the Five Cs national foreign language standards. I encourage my students to explore the textbook, especially the parts that I don??t focus on in classroom instruction. This not only reinforces students?? classroom learning but also promotes their self-learning ability and their long-term study of Chinese. I believe that each Chinese instructor can come up with his or her own way of utilizing Encounters and the vast amount of language and cultural information presented. To make the best use of the Encounters program, I encourage my students to continue studying Chinese even after they have completed their language requirements through CHN 101 and 102. In CHN 201 and 202, I use the scripts of the episodes of each unit and involve my students in more advanced learning of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in Chinese. I understand that the currently available Yale textbook Exploring in Chinese by Cynthia Ning is another viable second level follow-up to Encounters, and that an actual second level of Encounters is in the planning stage. As a foreign language instructor and researcher, I am very meticulous and demanding regarding the selection and utilization of instructional materials. In the last ten years, we have seen a significant increase of interest in Chinese language and culture in K-16 settings. As is true for many foreign language programs, not all Chinese programs provide the same quality of education. Authentic and meaningful learning materials, especially textbooks, are the foundation of any high-quality foreign language
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69 instructional program. I strongly recommend the Encounters materials, a remarkable series of textbooks, to all Chinese instructors, especially those teaching at the high school and college levels. I believe both teachers and students will very much enjoy this exemplar of a new generation of language programming.
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70
???????????????????????????? (Review of Network Resources and Technologies for International Chinese Teaching)
??????? (Ouyang, Xiaofang) ?人??? (Wuhan University) bbrirao@126.com ?????. (2012). ????????????????????. ?人: ???????????? ??. ISBN: 978-7-5351-7084-2 Zhang, Yancheng. (2012). Network Resources and Technologies for International Chinese Teaching. Wuhan: Hubei Education Press. ISBN: 978-7-5351-7084-2 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????顱????е?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????У?????????????????? ????Щ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? д????????????á?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?棬???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????䴙?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????ì?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????н????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????δ?????? ??????????Щì??????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????䶮???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????绯 ???????????????????????о????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????飺????????????????????????????????γ?????
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71 ??????????????????????????????Web2.0 ??????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????ж???????? ?????????????????Χ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????д????????????????????????????????????????Щ?????? ???????н??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????硰?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????Щ?????? ???????????á?????????????????????????????????????? Flash????? ?????????С????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????Ч???????黹???????????????????????? ?????飬??????????????????????????????д??????????????????? ????????????????Щ??????????????á????????? Sketchcast ??????? ???????д??????????????????????????????κ????????????????????? ???????????д?????????????????????????????????????Ч???? ?????Щ???????γ???????????????????????硰???????????? ??????μ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????? ???????????????????????????? Web ?? Secondlife ?????????????? ????????????????????????????磬???????????壨?????????????????? ??????????????а???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? Zon???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????й?????????????????? ?????????????????????麺??????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????С?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????γ?????????绯????????У?????????????????????????Щ ????γ???????????????????????????????????У?????????С? ????????????????á?????????????????????????????????ν???
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72 ???????????????????????????????????У???????????????????? ????????????????????γ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????У???????Щ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????桢???????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????й???????????????????????? ?壬????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????á????????????????????????????????? ????????????棬?硰???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????wolframalpha.com ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????Щ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????Ч?????????д???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????м?????????????磬???????? ???????????????????????????? midomi.com ??????????????????? ?????????Щ???????????????é??????? ???塢???????Χ??????????????????????Web2.0 ?????????????? ?????????顣Web2.0 ????????????????????????????????????????Э???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????е??????????????????Web2.0 ??????????????????????????? Web2.0 ???????????????????????????????ж???????????????? ?ò??????????о??????????????????????????????к?????????????? ????? Web2.0 ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????Wiki????? Knols??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????磬?? ??????????????????????? Facebook ?????????д?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???й????й???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????硰????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????Ч???μ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????н???????????????? ??????й?????????????????????????????????Wiki ?? Knols ???????д ????????????????????????????????????????????????????顱?????? ???????????й????????????????ɡ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????飬???????????????п?????????κ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????滥???? Web2.0 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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73 ???????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????衢?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? office ?????Э??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????洢?????????????????????????? ???Щ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????д???????????????????????????? ???? Google Earth ?? Google Map ?????????????????п??λ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????city8.com ???????? ????????????????????????У?????????????????????????????? ?н????β???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????з???????????????人???????????????????о??????????? ???????????в?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????б?? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????м?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????μ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????任???????????С?鷳?????????ü ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????й??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????п????????????????????????????????????溺???????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????壬????? ??????????????????????λ????涼?????????????? ?????????????á???á??????????????????????????????????κ???? ????з???????????飬?????????????????????????????????????? ????????д????????????????????绷??????????????????????? ??????С???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????á???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????ɡ???????????е?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????н???? ?ε???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????г????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????С????????
| Page 78 |
74 ?????????????????????????????????á?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????缼???????????????????????????????? ?䶮????????????????桢??????????????????????????? Web ?????????? ???á?Э??????????????????????????????軭??????????????????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????——????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????л???? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????á????磬???????ι????з??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????С??????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ?????д????????????????????????á????????????????? λ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????о???????????????????????????????? ??????????磬????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????о?????????????缼????? ????????????????????????谭????????????????齻?????????ì ?????????????????????????Ч?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????桱????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????δ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????䶮Ψ??????????????????ì?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????Щ?????????? ???????人????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????á??????????????????? ????????????????????????ε????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????λ??? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????Ч????Ч??????????????????????????????????? ?????????и??????????????????????????????????????????????????
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75 ???????????????????????????????????????????и????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????й??????????? ????????????????????????γ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??www.delicious.com/tcsl??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????飬??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????ж?????????????????????????????????棬??Щ????????? ????????й?????????????? Facebook???????????????????? Sketchcast.com???? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????ɡ??????????á?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????涼???????????????? ??????????δ?????????????????е?????????????????????????? ??ò???????й??????????????????????????????????????????? ?????м??????ü?????????????????????????????????????л??棬 ????????????Ч?????????????????????????????????飬?????????? ????????????????????????????????顱??
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